Weding Visual Inspection

  • October 9, 2015

There are many ways to inspect a weld, but one of the simplest, practical to do, is the visual inspection. This is surely a non-destructive testing, which lets you monitor what is happening on the surface with the naked eye or through a magnifying glass. There are other techniques such as radiographic testing or ultrasound testing, which should be part of the quality proceedings. The weld bead, its shape and form, is a major defect indicator in a weld, but not the only: the heat-affected zone, the presence of projections, cracks or distortions in the workpiece, among others are also indicators of welding quality. The most common defects in a weld joint may be due to the following causes:

Falta de penetração 
– corrente ou velocidade de soldadura muito baixas
– abertura excessiva da junta
– chanfro inadequado
– grande espessura da peça de trabalho
– distância excessiva entre o eléctrodo e a peça de trabalho
– posição ou movimento do eléctrodo inadequados
– diâmetro do eléctrodo inadequado

Mordedura: 
– corrente ou velocidade de soldadura demasiado elevadas


Preparação incorrecta da junta:
 
– chanfro inadequado
– desalinhamento das peças a soldar

Fissuras: 
– Crateras no final da soldadura
– tipo de eléctrodo inadequado
– eléctrodo húmido
– grande espessura da peça de trabalho
– chanfro incorrecto

Excesso de respingos: 
– corrente de soldadura muito elevada
– grande distância entre eléctrodo e a peça de trabalho
– peça suja- eléctrodo húmido

Inclusão de escória: 
– escória não removida durante passes ou na troca de eléctrodo
– posição ou ângulo de eléctrodos inadequados
– diâmetro do eléctrodo muito elevado ou chanfro muito estreito

Porosidade: 
– Peça suja, enferrujada ou húmida
– corrente de soldadura incorrecta
– velocidade de soldadura elevada
– distância excessiva entre o eléctrodo e a peça de trabalho
– eléctrodo húmido

Distorção de contracção e angular: 
– corrente ou velocidade de soldadura demasiado elevadas

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